All land in Hawai`i was initially stolen in 1893 by a small group of foreign men who subsequently formed the Provisional Government.
Failing at its first attempt in 1894 to be annexed by the US Government, the provisional government reincorporated themselves into the Republic of Hawai`i.
The Republic of Hawai`i totaled less than 4,000 citizens, mostly white foreigners, compared to the 45,000 or more non-whites living throughout Hawai`i at that time.
It was the Republic of Hawai`i that later exchanged stolen property (lands now known in part as the so-called “ceded lands”) with the US.
